Miscellaneous |

ONLINE PAYMENT

Home Page > PRODUCTS > Feed Additives > Miscellaneous >

Miscellaneous

AMMONIA | Ammonia
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  AMMONIA
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Ammonia
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in production of fertilizers, dyes, perfumes and cleaning agents.
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE | Ammonium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Ammonium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as a feed additive
CALCIUM CHLORIDE | Calcium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  CALCIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Calcium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  It’s used in oil and gas well fluids as well as for deicing. In food sector, it acts as a firming agent. Used as calcium supplement in feed sector
GLYCERINE | Glycerine
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  GLYCERINE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Glycerine
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  In cosmetics-detergents, medicine and food sector, it's used as a moisterizing agent for wide variety of applications
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE | Magnesium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Magnesium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Besides in the production of magnesium, it’s used in the manufacture of textiles, paper, fireproofing agents, cements and refrigeration brine, dust and erosion control as well as deicer for highways and as a coagulant in food sector. Used as a magnesium source in feed premixes.
MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL | MPG USP Grade
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  MPG USP Grade
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  In aroma-flavor, cosmetics-detergent and pharmaceutical sector, it’s used as a solvent, coupling agent and emulsifier . As an effective humectant, preservative and stabilizer, it’s also used in food sector.
POTASSIUM CARBONATE | Potassium Carbonate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM CARBONATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Potassium Carbonate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in glasses, ceramics, explosives, fertilizers,and glazes industry, in the the manufacture of soft soaps, inorganic salts, and in dyeing and wool finishing. Used as a mineral source in feed ingredients
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE | Potassium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Potassium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in the production of potash fertilizer and as a potassium additive in pharmaceutical products. Additionally used in the production of pottasium hydroxide and potassium metal.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE | KOH
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  KOH
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in chemical manufacturing including potassium carbonate and other potassium chemicals, fertilizers, phosphates, agrochemicals, alkaline batteries and dyes. It is also widely used in soap and bleaching industry. Used as a thickener, pH control agent and stabilizer in food & feed industries
SODIUM BICARBONATE | Sodium Bicarbonate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM BICARBONATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Bicarbonate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  As a leavening agen and acidity regulator
SODIUM BISULFATE | Sodium Bisulfate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM BISULFATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Bisulfate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  For technical grade applications, it is used in metal finishing, cleaning products, and to lower the pH of water for effective chlorination, including swimming pools. Food Grade sodium bisulfate is used in a variety of food products, including beverages, dressings, sauces, and fillings. It is also widely used in meat and poultry processing and most recently in browning prevention of fresh cut produce
SODIUM SULFATE | Sodium Sulfate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM SULFATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Sulfate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in powder detergents as a processing aid and as a filler, wood pulp processing for making kraft paper, textile dyeing processes as a levelling agent to penetrate evenly, and molten glass process to remove small air bubbles
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE | Stpp
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Stpp
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in detergents, soaps, industrial cleaners etc. as a builder and water softener. As a highly chelating agen, STPP binds to dications tightly and prevents them from interfering with the sulfonate detergent
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE | Tetron / Tspp
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Tetron / Tspp
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as water softener and emulsifier in detergents, as a tartal control agent in toothpaste, as inorganic stabilizer in textile industry and as a food additive
TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE | Trisodium Phosphate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Trisodium Phosphate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as degreaser in multi-purpose cleaners and for removing boiler scale and softening water. In food sector, it’s used as a acidity regulator, emulsifier, anticaking agent and as a embossing agent
UREA, TECHNICAL | Urea
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  UREA, TECHNICAL
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Urea
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as a solubility-enhancing and moisture-retaining additive to dye baths for textile dyeing or printing, as a jelling agent in detergents, as a preservative in cosmetic products, in fertilizers, in production of Urea-Formaldehyde and adhesives , as flame-proofing agent in fire extinguisher charges
ZINC OXIDE | Zinc Oxide
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  ZINC OXIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Zinc Oxide
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as antibacterial agent in pharma and cosmetic sector, as UV protector in paint industry and as filler in textile sector. Additionally due to high thermal conductivity, it’s used widely in ceramic, glass and metal surface coating.

Türkçe

English

ONLINE PAYMENT

Home Page > PRODUCTS > Feed Additives > Miscellaneous >

AMMONIA |

Ammonia
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  AMMONIA
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Ammonia
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in production of fertilizers, dyes, perfumes and cleaning agents.
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE |

Ammonium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Ammonium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as a feed additive
CALCIUM CHLORIDE |

Calcium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  CALCIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Calcium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  It’s used in oil and gas well fluids as well as for deicing. In food sector, it acts as a firming agent. Used as calcium supplement in feed sector
GLYCERINE |

Glycerine
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  GLYCERINE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Glycerine
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  In cosmetics-detergents, medicine and food sector, it's used as a moisterizing agent for wide variety of applications
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE |

Magnesium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Magnesium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Besides in the production of magnesium, it’s used in the manufacture of textiles, paper, fireproofing agents, cements and refrigeration brine, dust and erosion control as well as deicer for highways and as a coagulant in food sector. Used as a magnesium source in feed premixes.
MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL |

MPG USP Grade
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  MPG USP Grade
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  In aroma-flavor, cosmetics-detergent and pharmaceutical sector, it’s used as a solvent, coupling agent and emulsifier . As an effective humectant, preservative and stabilizer, it’s also used in food sector.
POTASSIUM CARBONATE |

Potassium Carbonate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM CARBONATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Potassium Carbonate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in glasses, ceramics, explosives, fertilizers,and glazes industry, in the the manufacture of soft soaps, inorganic salts, and in dyeing and wool finishing. Used as a mineral source in feed ingredients
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE |

Potassium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Potassium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in the production of potash fertilizer and as a potassium additive in pharmaceutical products. Additionally used in the production of pottasium hydroxide and potassium metal.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE |

KOH
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  KOH
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in chemical manufacturing including potassium carbonate and other potassium chemicals, fertilizers, phosphates, agrochemicals, alkaline batteries and dyes. It is also widely used in soap and bleaching industry. Used as a thickener, pH control agent and stabilizer in food & feed industries
SODIUM BICARBONATE |

Sodium Bicarbonate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM BICARBONATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Bicarbonate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  As a leavening agen and acidity regulator
SODIUM BISULFATE |

Sodium Bisulfate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM BISULFATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Bisulfate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  For technical grade applications, it is used in metal finishing, cleaning products, and to lower the pH of water for effective chlorination, including swimming pools. Food Grade sodium bisulfate is used in a variety of food products, including beverages, dressings, sauces, and fillings. It is also widely used in meat and poultry processing and most recently in browning prevention of fresh cut produce
SODIUM SULFATE |

Sodium Sulfate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM SULFATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Sulfate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in powder detergents as a processing aid and as a filler, wood pulp processing for making kraft paper, textile dyeing processes as a levelling agent to penetrate evenly, and molten glass process to remove small air bubbles
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE |

Stpp
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Stpp
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in detergents, soaps, industrial cleaners etc. as a builder and water softener. As a highly chelating agen, STPP binds to dications tightly and prevents them from interfering with the sulfonate detergent
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE |

Tetron / Tspp
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Tetron / Tspp
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as water softener and emulsifier in detergents, as a tartal control agent in toothpaste, as inorganic stabilizer in textile industry and as a food additive
TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE |

Trisodium Phosphate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Trisodium Phosphate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as degreaser in multi-purpose cleaners and for removing boiler scale and softening water. In food sector, it’s used as a acidity regulator, emulsifier, anticaking agent and as a embossing agent
UREA, TECHNICAL |

Urea
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  UREA, TECHNICAL
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Urea
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as a solubility-enhancing and moisture-retaining additive to dye baths for textile dyeing or printing, as a jelling agent in detergents, as a preservative in cosmetic products, in fertilizers, in production of Urea-Formaldehyde and adhesives , as flame-proofing agent in fire extinguisher charges
ZINC OXIDE |

Zinc Oxide
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  ZINC OXIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Zinc Oxide
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as antibacterial agent in pharma and cosmetic sector, as UV protector in paint industry and as filler in textile sector. Additionally due to high thermal conductivity, it’s used widely in ceramic, glass and metal surface coating.

Türkçe

English

ONLINE PAYMENT

Home Page > PRODUCTS > Feed Additives > Miscellaneous >

AMMONIA |

Ammonia
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  AMMONIA
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Ammonia
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in production of fertilizers, dyes, perfumes and cleaning agents.
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE |

Ammonium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Ammonium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as a feed additive
CALCIUM CHLORIDE |

Calcium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  CALCIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Calcium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  It’s used in oil and gas well fluids as well as for deicing. In food sector, it acts as a firming agent. Used as calcium supplement in feed sector
GLYCERINE |

Glycerine
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  GLYCERINE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Glycerine
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  In cosmetics-detergents, medicine and food sector, it's used as a moisterizing agent for wide variety of applications
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE |

Magnesium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Magnesium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Besides in the production of magnesium, it’s used in the manufacture of textiles, paper, fireproofing agents, cements and refrigeration brine, dust and erosion control as well as deicer for highways and as a coagulant in food sector. Used as a magnesium source in feed premixes.
MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL |

MPG USP Grade
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  MPG USP Grade
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  In aroma-flavor, cosmetics-detergent and pharmaceutical sector, it’s used as a solvent, coupling agent and emulsifier . As an effective humectant, preservative and stabilizer, it’s also used in food sector.
POTASSIUM CARBONATE |

Potassium Carbonate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM CARBONATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Potassium Carbonate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in glasses, ceramics, explosives, fertilizers,and glazes industry, in the the manufacture of soft soaps, inorganic salts, and in dyeing and wool finishing. Used as a mineral source in feed ingredients
POTASSIUM CHLORIDE |

Potassium Chloride
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM CHLORIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Potassium Chloride
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in the production of potash fertilizer and as a potassium additive in pharmaceutical products. Additionally used in the production of pottasium hydroxide and potassium metal.
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE |

KOH
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  KOH
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in chemical manufacturing including potassium carbonate and other potassium chemicals, fertilizers, phosphates, agrochemicals, alkaline batteries and dyes. It is also widely used in soap and bleaching industry. Used as a thickener, pH control agent and stabilizer in food & feed industries
SODIUM BICARBONATE |

Sodium Bicarbonate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM BICARBONATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Bicarbonate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  As a leavening agen and acidity regulator
SODIUM BISULFATE |

Sodium Bisulfate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM BISULFATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Bisulfate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  For technical grade applications, it is used in metal finishing, cleaning products, and to lower the pH of water for effective chlorination, including swimming pools. Food Grade sodium bisulfate is used in a variety of food products, including beverages, dressings, sauces, and fillings. It is also widely used in meat and poultry processing and most recently in browning prevention of fresh cut produce
SODIUM SULFATE |

Sodium Sulfate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM SULFATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Sodium Sulfate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in powder detergents as a processing aid and as a filler, wood pulp processing for making kraft paper, textile dyeing processes as a levelling agent to penetrate evenly, and molten glass process to remove small air bubbles
SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE |

Stpp
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Stpp
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used in detergents, soaps, industrial cleaners etc. as a builder and water softener. As a highly chelating agen, STPP binds to dications tightly and prevents them from interfering with the sulfonate detergent
TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE |

Tetron / Tspp
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  TETRASODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Tetron / Tspp
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as water softener and emulsifier in detergents, as a tartal control agent in toothpaste, as inorganic stabilizer in textile industry and as a food additive
TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE |

Trisodium Phosphate
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  TRISODIUM PHOSPHATE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Trisodium Phosphate
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as degreaser in multi-purpose cleaners and for removing boiler scale and softening water. In food sector, it’s used as a acidity regulator, emulsifier, anticaking agent and as a embossing agent
UREA, TECHNICAL |

Urea
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  UREA, TECHNICAL
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Urea
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as a solubility-enhancing and moisture-retaining additive to dye baths for textile dyeing or printing, as a jelling agent in detergents, as a preservative in cosmetic products, in fertilizers, in production of Urea-Formaldehyde and adhesives , as flame-proofing agent in fire extinguisher charges
ZINC OXIDE |

Zinc Oxide
- Ticari İsmi
  
  :
  
  ZINC OXIDE
  
  Kimyasal İsmi
  
  :
  
  Zinc Oxide
  
  Kategori
  
  :
  
  Miscellaneous
  
  Kullanım Amacı
  
  :
  
  Used as antibacterial agent in pharma and cosmetic sector, as UV protector in paint industry and as filler in textile sector. Additionally due to high thermal conductivity, it’s used widely in ceramic, glass and metal surface coating.